Pipe-joint.



J. P. PUTNAM.

PIPE JOINT.

APPLICATION FILED MAY :9. 1905.

Patented Aug. 31, 1915.

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C n X 1V1 TNE SSE S s lengths'of'piping to move or expand and To allwhom it may concern JOHN PICKEBING- IUTNAM, *OZF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

PIPE-JOINT.

Application filed Ma 19, 1905. Serial No. 261,260. I

Be it known that I, JOHN PIGKERING PUT- NAM, of Boston, in the county ofSuffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Pipe-Joints, of'which the following is a specification.-

The object of my invention is to provide a flexible joint for gas,water, plumbing and other piping which shall be permanently tight underpressure and which shall enable contract longitudinally withoutafiecting the tightness of the joint; which shall permit of the pipesbeing'taken apart easily without injury to any part; and which requiresneither fire nor heat on the premises where the joint is put together.

I attain these results by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the deviceshowing the ends of three pipes connected by my joint, the middle pipehaving an offset. Fig.2 is a horizontal section of the same taken alongX YJof F ig.' 1, and Fig. 3 is a side view of the lower part of thejoint.

- Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views. iY I C is the cup-shaped end of oneof the pipes P connected by my joint,and S is the plain or spigot end of another pipe P. The cup is made justlarge enough at its --outerend to receive the spigot Without play room,but is gradually enlarged from this point until it reaches its maximumdiameter a short distance below the outer end, when it again diminishesgradually to a size just large enough to receive the spigot. The gradualenlargement and diminution are so formed as to produce preferably aspherical shape. Beyond the spherical enlargement the cup has a,cylindrical form for a short distance,'the diameter of the cylinderbeing but just sufficient to receive freely the spigot -withoutplay-room. This cylindrical part has a length sufficient to permit ofconsider able longitudinal play within it of the end with itat theshoulder S.

of the spigot when the pipes are subjected to varying degrees oftemperature causing. them to lengthen and shorten, without allowing thespigot endto withdraw from the u cylinder. The sphere and. cylindertogether constitute the cup of the-pipes and reonnect In the wall of thecup, ator near the center of its spherical enlargement is a threadedhole H through which a pliable, strongly adhesive cement packing, E, isforced cold I Specification of Letters Patent. lPajhgjn tedl Aug. 311,1915. I

into the space between the cup and the spigot bymeans of the force pumpF.

In order to prevent the viscous semi fluid pliable packing from escapingunder the heavy pressure exerted by the pump atlthe annular openings Uand O between the cup and spigot, soft packing rings, RR, ofjute, hempor other suitable materialsometimes designated stufling rings,'areplaced withv in the cup, one near the upper and one near the lower endof the spherical enlargement before the spigot S is inserted. Theserings are held in place during the insertion of the spigot by theannular shoulders, S and S, i

and projections, p, p, p, 19, cast upon them, the projections extendinginward farenough to nearly touch the outer surface of the spigot. tionsare beveled so as to ide the spigot centrally when it is inserte intothe cup.

The rings, R, R, are a little larger than the spigot so-that the spigotwill not rub against them :on entering the cup and tend to force.themfdown. When the-rings, R, R, are in place and the spigot has beeninserted, the pliable packing is forced through the holeH into the spacebetween the cup and the spigot. The plastic packing passes throughopenings 0 0 between the pro-' jections, p, p, and presses against therings R, and R, forcing them into the annular wedge shaped spaces, s sand compresses them into these spaces until they assume the forms shownat, R R .Theybecome proportionally dense and compact as the pressureexerted by the pump is increased. But

the greater the pressure exerted and the more dense they become, themorepowerfully they resist any tendency to crowd them out through theopenings, 0 and 0. They thuspresent an absolute barrier to the escape ofthe pliable packing through these open ings, O and 0-.

I When the pliable packing has been forced into every crevice betweenthe .cup and The upper surfaces of the projecspigot, the pump F and itsconnecting piece,

B, are removed and a cap C is screwed into the hole'H hardagainst thepliable packing J and the 'oint is completed.

In or er to provide for longitudinal ex pansion and contraction of thepipes dueto changes of temperature, the spigot end of the pipe 1? isfirst brought into close contact with the shoulder S the cup of the pipeP, and then before the packing is inserted lifted from the shoulder fora' short distance corresponding with the amount of play room desired.This play room is provided also to give room for settlement or shrinkageof the walls of the building to which the pipes are attached. To enablethis play room to be easily attained in setting the pipes, and toregulate its amount with exactitude, without relying upon any specialskill on the part of the pipe setter, I make use of the followingmechanism: The pipes are supported by hangers H H surrounding the pipesjust below the external shoulder S of the cylin- Theraising of the pipeP by-'this exact amount is accomplished by driving a wedge W between theshoulder S? and the hanger H, the thickness ofthe wedge at its thickestpart, beingequal to the amount of the space 0* desired. Afterthe wedgehas been driven home the pliable packing is forced in as alreadydescribed. This wedge remainsas a permanent part of the joint to'sfi'st'a'in the pipe, the soft packing used being incapable of doingso.i If at any time it becomes desirabletotakedown the pipes or any part ofthem, the work is accomplished by simply removing all the wedges of thejoints to be disconnected, and the hangers, the elastic packing E thenpermitting the pipes to be easily' -iseparated without destroying eitherof them, the openings 0 in the several pipes providing the necessaryamount of leeway for their Withdrawal one from the other.

In order to permit of my joint being made up easily in places ordinarilydiiiicult of ac- -.cess, I use with it, between the hole H and the forcepump '1 a bent pipe 77 72 p of any suitable shape and material, wherebythe pump may "be operated at any convenient distance from the'jolntr Thenozzle'N of the force pump is threaded to screw intothe hole H which isthread' ed to correspond, "and when the pipe, 12 12 p is used one ofitsendsis threaded into the holeH and-theflother. end is rovided with athread like'that of the hole to receive the force pump nozzle. After thejoint is made and'filled with the pliable packing, the pipe p" p 1p, ifused, is left infplace';

under certain; conditions :where the joint is exceedinglydilfiicultfofaccess, In this case.

the cap C is"v screwed intotheend of the pipe p 12 30 instead of intothe .hole The rings R, R, R? and R are manufacmay be convenient. soointed might have their free ends closed to secure by Letters Patent 1.Ina pipe joint the combination of a plain endS-ofone pipe P; acylindrical tured of any suitable compressible material. I prefer togive them a wedge shaped form in section as shown at Rf and R conformingto the shape of the space into whichthey are to be compressed, in orderto secure the greatest tightness under the least amount of pressureapplied byzthe force pump. But I do not wish to confine myself to thisparticular form of section, since a square section which may be stampedout by means of a die or a round section may: be made to serve the samepurpose of filling the required space under suflicient pressure of theforce pump. The rings are protected by a coating which renders themproof against injury by the substances conveyed by the pipes in whichthey are used. I

The cylindrical part, C of the cupped end of the pipe, P, is made ofsuch a length from the shoulder S'to the beginning of the sphericalenlargement, that when the spigot end S of the pipe P is raised to givethe expansion space 0 there shall still remain a suflicient length ofcylinder to guide the spigot in thecupped enlargementand toprevent theescape of the packing ring, R under the severest pressure. The'upperpart of the cupped enlargement, where it contracts to guide the spigotat O is so formed that the thickness of the cupat 0 shall extend alongthe spigot and form an' annular ring suflicient in width to prevent thepacking ring R from escaping under heavy pressure. The cup isfurthermore thickened at this end as shown at T for the double purposeof increasing the width of the annular space 0 and of strengthening theend of the. pipe P for security against breakage in transportation.

I have designated my mechanism as a pipe joint, but I do not wish todisclaim, because of the use of this term, the application of mydevice-for coupling together any other two articles in which the use ofthis special mechanism or combination of parts For instance two pipes insuch a way that one would constitute a jar or box, and the other itscover, and my invention would be as applicable to such a use as if thedevice were used on ordinary pipes alone. In such a case the mouth orneck of the box or bottle so connected with another vessel or its cover,becomes in efi'ect,.

a short pipe, and this holds as well with reference'to the cover as tothe box itself, so

that in my claims I use, for convenience, the term pipes to cover anyvessels connected in the manner covered by my invention Y whetherthefree ends are open or closed.

enlargement C on another pipe 1? of intoat I claim as my invention anddesire ice enlargement C within the first gradually increasing indiameter over that of the cylindes so as to form annular wedge shapedspaces between the plain end of the pipe P and the second enlargement ofpipe P; compressible rings in each wedge shaped space; and adhesiveplastice packing E between and in contact with the surfaces of both thegreater enlargement and the plain end.

2. In a pipe joint the combination of the plain end of one pipe; anenlarged end of another pipe inclosing the same, the en largement havingan interior diameter just enough greater than the exterior diameter ofthe first pipe to receive the latter without lateral play room; a secondenlargement beginning at a distance from the beginning of the firstenlargement sufiicient to allow for the maximum amount of play of theend of the inner pipe due to longitudinal changes of the entire lengthof said pipe between said end and the next adjoining joint, without saidend escaping from the cylindrical enlargement; plastic packing betweensaid inner pipe and said second enlargement, and a soft ring R at thebeginning of the second enlargement to retain the plastic packing.

3. In combination a pipe joint consisting of the plain ends of one pipe;an enlarged end of another pipe inclosing the plain end; a pliablepacking between the two; a shoulder S on the pipe P standing at somedistance from said plain end S so as to provide a space 0 between thetwo; a hanger supporting the enlarged end; and means for u raising theenlarged end against the hanger used as a fulcrum and maintaining it inposition so as to give expansion room between the plain end and theshoulder S of the enlargement.

4. In combination a pipe joint consisting of a plain end of one pipe; anenlarged end of another pipe inclosing the plain end; a

pliable packing between the two; a shoulder S on the last mentionedpipe; a rigid support W forming part of the building in which the jointis used; a hanger supporting the enlarged end upon said buildingsupport; and means for raising the enlarged I ment; packing between thetwo pipes; a hanger supporting the enlarged end; a shoulder S on thelast mentioned pipe P; and a Wedge between the hanger and the shoulderto force up the pipeihaving the plain end and give expansion roombetween the plain end and the inner surface of the shoulder S of theenlargement; I

6. In combination a pipe joint consisting of a plain end of one pipe; anenlarged end of another pipe inclosing the same; packing between thetwo" pipes; a shoulder onthe enlargement of the last mentioned pipe; arigid support under the shoulder; and a wedge between the rigid supportand the shoulder for raising and maintaining in position the pipe havingthe shoulder so as to give expansion room between the end of the innerpipe and the enlarged end of the outer pipe;

7. In combination a pipe joint consisting of a plain end S of a pipe P;an enlarged end C of another pipe P inclosing the plain end; a supportH. for the last mentioned pipe P; a wedge W between the support H andthe enlargement C an inner shoulder S on the enlargement, and a space 0between the plain end of the pipe P and said inner shoulder.

8. In combination a pipe joint consisting of the plain'end of one pipe;an enlarged end of another pipe of interior diameter just enough greaterthan the exterior diameter of the first mentioned pipe to receive thelatter without lateral play room; a further enlargement within the firsthaving an interior diameter greater than that of the first, and formingan annular packing being gradualand forming wedge shaped annularrecesses at each end; and a wedge shaped compressible packing ring ofsection corresponding to the wedge shaped recess of the chamber. v

9. In combination a pipe joint consisting of a plain end S of one pipeP; an enlargement of cylindrical form C of another pipe P just fittingover said plain end; a 'further enlargement beginning a'short distancefrom the beginning of the first enlargement; a pliable tenacious packingbetween the two pipes; an inner shoulder and an outer shoulder on thelast .mentioned pipe P,

standing at some distance from the plain end of the first mentioned pipeP; and an externally supported hanger supporting the enlarged end, andmeans on the hanger .for raisin the pipe P at pleasure.

10. n a pipe joint the combination of the plain end S of one pipe P acylindrical closely fitting over the plain end; a spherical enlargementC within the first enlargement, beginning at some distance from thebeiaa ,enlargementC at-the end of anoner pipe ginning of the firstenlargement; annular spaces of wedge shaped section formed at thejunction of the sphere with .the cylinder;

- packing rings in the annular spaces; packing E between the two pipes;and an opening in the spherical enlargement for the injection of thepacking.

11. In a pipe joint the combination of a plain end S of one pipe P; acylindrical enlargement C at the end of another pipe closely fittingover the plain end; a further enlargement within the first beginning ata distance from the beginning of the first enlargement suflicient tomore than equal the maximum change of length due to physical changesaffecting the first mentioned pipe P; annular spaces of wedge shapedsection at the junction of the second enlargement with the firstenlargement; wedge shaped j the hanger.

packing rings in the wedge shaped section;

plastic packing E between the two pipes and means for forcing thepacking into place.

12. In combination a pipe joint consisting of a plain end of one pipeand an enlarged 14:. In combination a pipe joint consisting of a plainend of one pipe; an enlarged end of another pipe inclosing the plainend;

packing between the two; a shoulder on the enlargement; an externallysupported hanger supporting the enlarged end; and a wedge between thehanger and the shoulder of the enlargement, the wedge having a thicknessat its thickest part equal to the greatest amount of play room desiredbe tween the plain end and the inner shoulder .of the enlargement tocompletely accommodate the maximum longitudinal alteration possible ofthe pipe in use.

15. In a pipe joint the combination of a plain end of one pipe; anenlarged end of another pipe inclosin'g'the'same; a further enlargementof the last mentioned pipe; a

acking E between the plain end and the urther enlargement; a stufi ingring at one end of the enlargement,iand means within the enlargement forholding the stufiing ring in place while the pipes arebeing coupledtogether.

16. In a pipe joint the combination of "a plain end of one pipe; anenlarged end of another pipe inclosing the same; a further enlargementon the last mentioned pipe between the beginning and the end of thefirst enlargement; plastic packing E in the further enlargement; softstufing ringsR R? around the plain ended pipe at thejunction of thefirst enlargement with the further enlargement; and means forintroducing the packing E into the last mentioned enlargement andbetween the two stufli'ng rings R R 17. In a pipe joint the combin ationof a plain end of one pipe; an enlarged end of another pipe inclosingthe plain end and closely fitting the same; a further enlarge .mentwithin the first enlargement; projections around the inner pipe at thepoint of connection between the first mentioned and the second mentionedenlargements; compressible stuffing rings between said enlargements heldin place by said projections; and

plastic packing E in the further enlarge ment.

WES

18. In a pipe joint the combination of a plain end of one pipe; anenla'rged end of another pipe inclosing the same and closely fitting it;a further enlargement within the first having an" interior diametergreater than that of the first, the increase in the diameter of thesecond enlargement over that of the first being gradual so as to formannular wedge shaped spaces at each of its ends;'-a compressible ring.in each wedge shaped-space; projections 12.39 on the inner surface ofthe second enlargement I and holding the rings in place when the pipesare coupled together, and plastic packing E between the plain pipe andthe second enlargement of the outer pipe.

19. In a pipe joint the combination of a plain end of one pipe P; anenlarged end of another ipe P inclosing the lain end, and closelyiitting it; a further en argement C within the finst producing wedgeshaped annular spaces at the junctions between the two enlargements andthe inner pipe; wedge shaped soft rings in these annular ,spaces;projections p p surrounding the inner pipe at the junction of the two.enlargements and holding the rings in place; plastic packing E betweenthe inner pipe nd the second enlargement; and openingsOhbetween theprojections; and means for forcing the packing E in place.

Intestimony whereof affixed my signature, in presence oft'wo witnesses.v

" JOHN PICKERING Y Witnesses:

JOHN P. HAYDEN;- illnroiaas I-Iiiens.

